Ion Exchange Resin and Entrapped Candida rugosa Lipase for Biodiesel Synthesis in the Recirculating Packed-Bed Reactor: A Performance Comparison of Heterogeneous Catalysts

Ion exchange resins and immobilized lipase as heterogeneous catalysts are used to synthesize biodiesel for alternative fossil fuels. The use of ion in the solid activated phase can ease separation process. Furthermore, be reactivated repeatedly, reducing need catalysts. On other hand, an enzyme is biodegradable catalyze transesterification process produce with a lower alcohol-to-oil ratio, minimizing side reactions impurities. Therefore, this study resins, such Lewatit MP-64, Amberlite IRA410Cl, Diaion PK208LH, well Candida rugosa lipase. By using vegetable oil feedstock methanol transesterification, production was carried out packed bed reactor. present aims investigate optimum parameters, including concentration resin enzyme, activation time, types, flowrate, stability on yield. results showed that conditions were 4 g resin, 3 h, synthesized h; obtained yield 94.06%, 90.00%, 73.88%. Additionally, test it still has capability producing more than 80% after three regeneration cycles. In contrast, by entrapment sodium alginate before being 12 h. flowrate enzymatic synthesis produced higher amount biodiesel, up 71.1%. Nonetheless, lipases times without significant loss